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Home-produced eggs in Croatia had higher PFAS levels

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Research area:economics-policyvaluation-environment

What the study found

Home-produced eggs had higher levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS, a group of persistent human-made chemicals) than commercial eggs in Croatia. Cage eggs showed the lowest levels among the egg types studied.

Why the authors say this matters

The authors conclude that the dietary contribution of the four main PFAS to the tolerable weekly intake limit suggests children up to nine years old are the most vulnerable to exposure, especially infants and toddlers consuming home-produced eggs. They also advise consumers to prefer cage eggs because the study found significantly lower exposure with them.

What the researchers tested

The researchers measured PFAS levels in eggs collected in Croatia. They analyzed 30 PFAS compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry and compared commercial eggs (cage, barn, and organic) with home-produced eggs.

What worked and what didn't

In home-produced eggs, the highest detection frequencies above the limit of quantification were seen for PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFDoDA. PFOA was detected only in home-produced eggs, and these eggs also had significantly higher mean lower-bound and upper-bound levels for all measured compounds and for the sum of the four main PFAS. Cage eggs had the lowest lower-bound and upper-bound levels.

What to keep in mind

The summary provided does not describe limitations beyond the study being based on eggs collected in Croatia. The findings are limited to the compounds measured, the egg types compared, and the dietary exposure estimate reported in the abstract.

Key points

  • Home-produced eggs in Croatia had higher PFAS levels than commercial eggs.
  • Cage eggs showed the lowest PFAS levels among the egg types studied.
  • PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFDoDA were the most frequently detected PFAS in home-produced eggs.
  • PFOA was detected only in home-produced eggs.
  • The authors say children up to nine years old are the most vulnerable to dietary exposure, especially infants and toddlers consuming home-produced eggs.

Disclosure

Research title:
Home-produced eggs in Croatia had higher PFAS levels
Authors:
Nina Bilandžić, Ines Varga, Jelena Kaurinović, Bruno Čalopek, Mаја Đokić, Ivana Varenina, Božica Solomun Kolanović, Marija Sedak, Luka Cvetnić, Damir Pavliček, Elena Fattore
Institutions:
College of Agriculture at Križevci, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research
Publication date:
2026-03-05
DOI:
10.3390/foods15050889
OpenAlex record:
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AI provenance: This post was generated by gpt-5.4-mini (OpenAI). The original authors did not write or review this post.

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