Concept: Brightness
NUV-blue spirals show star-forming outer disks
How some red spiral galaxies retain star formation in their outer regions
Time-resolved X-ray probes track heating and ionization in solid-density plasma
Ultrafast X-ray imaging reveals how intense lasers heat and ionize solid plasma
Lorentz violation changes black hole disk images and polarization
Testing Lorentz violation theory through black hole shadow and polarization patterns
