What the study found
The study found that a hybrid renewable microgrid combining photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, battery energy storage system (BESS), and hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) can meet a near-zero loss of power supply probability for electric vehicle charging. It also found that the optimal design differs between Egypt and Türkiye.
Why the authors say this matters
The authors say this matters because electric vehicle charging stations need clean and reliable power, and the study suggests coordinated battery-hydrogen storage can support that goal across different climatic and economic settings. The findings indicate that location-specific resource conditions and financial factors affect both system sizing and cost.
What the researchers tested
The researchers used a multi-objective optimization framework with an Indicator-Based Evolutionary Algorithm (IBEA) to size an off-grid hybrid renewable microgrid. They tested the system in Attaka, Suez Governorate, Egypt, and Yalova Province, Türkiye, comparing levelized cost of energy (LCOE), curtailment ratio, loss of power supply probability, and renewable fraction.
What worked and what didn't
All designs satisfied the zero-LPSP constraint, reported as less than or equal to 0.001%, showing that the storage coordination met the reliability target. Türkiye had a lower LCOE of $0.0173/kWh, with renewable fraction of 53.03% and curtailment ratio of 17.11%, while Egypt had an LCOE of $0.0261/kWh, renewable fraction of 50.35%, and curtailment ratio of 27.67%.
What to keep in mind
The abstract reports results for only two locations, so the findings are limited to those case studies. It also reports that Egypt needed substantially larger battery capacity than Türkiye, and that discount and inflation rates strongly affected LCOE, while wind speed and load demand strongly affected operational performance.
Key points
- A hybrid photovoltaic-wind-battery-hydrogen microgrid achieved near-zero loss of power supply probability for EV charging.
- Türkiye’s optimized system had a lower levelized cost of energy than Egypt’s.
- Egypt required much larger battery storage capacity than Türkiye in the study.
- Discount and inflation rates had the largest effect on levelized cost of energy.
- Wind speed and load demand were major drivers of operational performance.
Disclosure
- Research title:
- Hybrid renewable microgrids met zero-reliability-loss EV charging goals
- Authors:
- Ahmad F. Tazay, Shimaa Barakat, Aykut Fatih Guven, Heba I. Elkhouly, Mohamed Mahmoud Samy
- Institutions:
- Al Baha University, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef University, Yalova University
- Publication date:
- 2026-03-08
- OpenAlex record:
- View
Get the weekly research newsletter
Stay current with scholarly research without reading academic papers — one filtered digest, every Friday.