What the study found
The article argues that “imported criminalisation” can occur when a host country adopts the securitisation and criminalisation standards of a country of origin against a diaspora. In this case, the Kurdish diaspora in Sweden and Finland is discussed in relation to Turkey and the Trilateral Memorandum tied to NATO accession.
Why the authors say this matters
The authors suggest that imported criminalisation is part of conflict transportation and transnational repression. They state that it can alter legal standards in the host society and create a grey area of discretionary judgement, fostering uncertainty and fear.
What the researchers tested
The article examines the Trilateral Memorandum between Turkey, Sweden, and Finland regarding NATO accession. It also reviews the main changes in the Kurdish diaspora’s mobilisation in Sweden and Finland.
What worked and what didn't
The article says the Memorandum had negative impacts on Swedish and Finnish societies and discusses their responses. It also describes changes in how the Kurdish diaspora mobilised in the two countries.
What to keep in mind
The abstract does not provide detailed empirical methods, specific case outcomes, or measured effects. It also does not quantify the size or extent of the impacts described.
Key points
- The article introduces the concept of imported criminalisation.
- Imported criminalisation is defined as a host country adopting the origin country’s securitisation and criminalisation standards against a diaspora.
- The Kurdish diaspora in Sweden and Finland is examined in connection with Turkey and the Trilateral Memorandum on NATO accession.
- The authors say this process can create uncertainty and fear by changing legal standards and discretionary judgement.
- The article discusses negative impacts on Swedish and Finnish societies and changes in Kurdish diaspora mobilisation.
Disclosure
- Research title:
- Imported criminalisation affects the Kurdish diaspora in Nordic countries
- Authors:
- Francesco Ventura
- Institutions:
- University of Florence
- Publication date:
- 2026-02-27
- OpenAlex record:
- View
- Image credit:
- Salar Arkan – سالار ارکان, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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