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V2G cycling showed similar fade to high-SOC storage

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Research area:engineering-energy

What the study found

The study found that vehicle-to-grid, or V2G, cycling affects lithium-ion cell lifetime, and that elevated temperature was the main factor accelerating degradation. It also found that shallow V2G cycling can lead to capacity fade comparable to storing the cell at a high state of charge, meaning the battery is kept relatively full.

Why the authors say this matters

The authors conclude that their results support the viability of V2G adoption during electric vehicle idle and charging periods. They also say this may offer potential operational benefits in terms of cost reduction and emissions savings.

What the researchers tested

The researchers used real-world V2G data from commercial electric vehicle battery chargers. They subjected commercially available cylindrical lithium-ion cells to long-term storage and V2G cycling under different state of charge, depth of discharge, and temperature conditions.

What worked and what didn't

Ageing results showed that 40 °C was the dominant factor increasing degradation, especially at high storage state of charge above 80% and at deeper cycle ranges of 30–80% and 30–95% state of charge. A comparison with calendar ageing over a similar storage period indicated that shallow V2G cycling at 30–50% state of charge led to capacity fade comparable to storage at high state of charge, and the analysis indicated that 62% of a full equivalent cycle of V2G cycling can be achieved daily without compromising cell lifetime.

What to keep in mind

The summary does not describe detailed numerical limits beyond the reported cycle fraction and state of charge ranges. The abstract also does not provide information on cell chemistry differences, charger-specific conditions, or how broadly the results apply beyond the tested cylindrical lithium-ion cells.

Key points

  • Elevated temperature, especially 40 °C, was the main driver of degradation.
  • High storage state of charge above 80% increased ageing.
  • Shallow V2G cycling at 30–50% state of charge caused capacity fade similar to high-SOC storage.
  • The analysis indicated that 62% of a full equivalent cycle of V2G cycling can be achieved daily without compromising lifetime.
  • The authors introduced a V2X capability metric as a new cell-level specification.

Disclosure

Research title:
V2G cycling showed similar fade to high-SOC storage
Authors:
George Darikas, Mehmet Cagin Kirca, Nessa Fereshteh Saniee, Muhammad Rashid, Ihsan Mert Muhaddisoglu, Truong Quang Dinh, Andrew McGordon
Institutions:
University of Warwick, University of Warwick, University of Warwick, University of Warwick, University of Warwick, University of Warwick, University of Warwick
Publication date:
2026-01-08
DOI:
10.3390/batteries12010022
OpenAlex record:
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AI provenance: This post was generated by gpt-5.4-mini (OpenAI). The original authors did not write or review this post.

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